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Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system. Not all lumps on the testicles are tumors, and not all tumors are malignant (cancerous). There are many other conditions, such as testicular microlithiasis, epididymal cysts, and appendix testis (hydatid of Morgagni), which may be painful but are non-cancerous. Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates of all cancers with an average five-year survival rate of 95%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html )〕 If the cancer has not spread outside the testicle, the 5-year survival is 99% while if it has grown into nearby structures or has spread to nearby lymph nodes, the rate is 96% and if it has spread to organs or lymph nodes away from the testicles, the 5-year survival is around 74%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/testicularcancer/overviewguide/testicular-cancer-overview-survival-rates )〕 Even for the relatively few cases in which cancer has spread widely, chemotherapy offers a cure rate of at least 80%. Globally testicular cancer resulted in 8,300 deaths in 2013 up from 7,000 deaths in 1990. In the United States, about 8,000 cases are diagnosed a year. In the UK, approximately 2,000 men are diagnosed each year,〔(CancerStats, 2007 UK incidence data ), Cancer Research UK.〕 and over his lifetime, a man's risk of testicular cancer is roughly 1 in 200 (0.5%). It is the most common cancer in males aged 20–39 years, the period when it is most common to start, and is rarely seen before the age of 15 years. ==Signs and symptoms== One of the first signs of testicular cancer is often a lump or swelling in the testes. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against routine screening for testicular cancer in asymptomatic adolescent and adults including routine testicular self-exams. However, the American Cancer Society suggests that some men should examine their testicles monthly, especially if they have a family history of cancer, and the American Urological Association recommends monthly testicular self examinations for all young men.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.urologyhealth.org/urology/index.cfm?article=101 )〕 Symptoms may also include one or more of the following: *a lump in one testis which may or may not be painful *sharp pain or a dull ache in the lower abdomen or scrotum〔 *a feeling often described as "heaviness" in the scrotum〔 *breast enlargement (gynecomastia) from hormonal effects of β-hCG〔〔 *low back pain (lumbago) due to the cancer spreading to the lymph nodes along the back〔〔 It is not very common for testicular cancer to spread to other organs, apart from the lungs. If it has, however, the following symptoms may be present: *shortness of breath (dyspnea), cough or coughing up blood (hemoptysis) from metastatic spread to the lungs〔〔 *a lump in the neck due to metastases to the lymph nodes〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「testicular cancer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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